Tuesday, May 20, 2014

Revision Checklist


Use this checklist to organise your Media revision: there is more than enough here to help you get a top grade...

Mainly for Section A
Mainly for Section B
Section A and Section B
...start working on this NOW and put together a revision plan to cover it all before the exam on Tuesday June 10th.

NDM Issues/Debates/Examples

Section A, Q3 will usually ask you to link the texts to issues/debates relating to NDM as well as expecting you to refer to other examples you can think of that are relevant.

Make sure you have some ideas about how you would approach these possible questions (which will also be revision for your Section B essay)...



Representation Lessons

Section A will have one question (usually Q2) that  that asks you to consider representation issues in the two texts, as well as linking them to other texts you can discuss.

This is where you should be able to make some use of the representation theories you covered in your lessons on Post-Colonialism and Feminism, so make sure you revise them...

Post Colonialism Lessons

Feminism Lessons

NDM Case Studies

Remember that you have TWO case studies that you need to incorporate into your Section B essay:

1. The Impact of NDM on News 

This was the one we went through in class and should form the bulk of your answer. 

We covered things like: UGC, citizen journalism, News Corp/Murdoch, gatekeeping, news values (Galtung and Ruge), Marxism/pluralism, democratisation, the Arab Spring, globalisation, conglomerates, etc. 

Each week on your blog you should have been posting a story on this topic too so go back and revise them all.

2. Your Own Independent Case Study on an Aspect of NDM

You had to come up with your own topic area and research it - a paragraph or two on this will be more than enough in the exam. 

You should have answered all the NDM Case Study Questions on your blog as well as completed the final task - the PowerPoint presentation - which is all good for revision.

NDM Key Quotes + Marxism/Pluralism

Try to memorise some of these quotes from critics/theorists/media professionals and include them in your Section B essay answers...

NDM Key Quotes

Also, ensure you always make reference to both key critical perspectives in your essay - Marxism and Pluralism...

Marxism/Pluralism summaries

Unit 3 Key Theories

You've received a hard copy of this but just in case you lost it this is a helpful resource, divided into three sections...

1. Critical Debates/Key Concepts
Includes globalisation, Marxism/hegemony, pluralism, audience theories (Blumler & Katz, cultivation, desensitisation), Barthes, etc. Don't try to learn any new theories now though - just make sure you really know those that we've covered in lessons.

2. Representation

3. New and Digital Media

Unit 3 Key Theories

New & Digital Media: Essential Revision Articles

You MUST ensure you've read ALL of the following, making revision notes/mindmaps and understanding how you can apply the key points to the Section B essay questions:

From MediaEdu...
(login first: username: greenford; password: greenfordedu)
From MediaMagazine...
(login first: username: mediamagazine11; password: qp726zr)

New & Digital Media Lessons

Use these to help you revise, by going through each slide/linked article and making summary notes/mindmaps then testing yourself...
The News Case Study: Murdoch/NewsCorp, UGC, gatekeepers, news agendas, Galtung & Ruge, Marxism/pluralism, democratisation, globalisation, conglomerates...
Some key quotes/ideas (Briggs/Burke, Castells, Gutenberg/Internet Revolution, Keen, Pareto's Law...)

UNIT 3 Section B Questions


A big part of your revision will be going back over your Case Studies for New/Digital Media.

Make sure you refine your research - adding to it over the final few weeks with up-to-the-minute info from sources like MediaGuardian, and new articles that will be posted up here.

Read through all your blog postings on your weekly NDM stories and look at other students' from both classes too for some of the key topics over the last year.

This is also a really helpful summary of some key ideas...

You should be able to answer all the typical questions for Section B in the exam (the most recent ones are towards the end)...

New/Digital Media
  • “Digital media have, in many ways, changed how we consume media products.” Who do you think benefits most – audiences or producers?
  • “Media institutions are right to feel threatened by new/digital media.” Consider this statement and show how media institutions are reacting to technological developments.
  • The development of new/digital media means the audience is more powerful in terms of consumption and production. Discuss the arguments for and against this view.
  • “The new generation of UK media power players are going stratight to their audience via the web” www.mediaguardian.co.uk Monday July 14 2008. How have media institutions responded to the opportunities offered by new/digital media?
  • Developments in new/digital media mean that audiences can now have access to a greater variety of views and values. To what extent are audiences empowered by these developments?
  • Why and with what success are traditional media institutions adapting to the challenge posed by new/digital media?
  • The world first heard about the death of Michael Jackson from the online gossip website TMZ. How has new/digital media changed the ways in which information reaches audiences and what are the implications?
  • ‘New and digital media erodes the dividing line between reporters and reported, between active producers and passive audiences: people are enabled to speak for themselves.’ (www.indymedia.org.uk) Have such developments made the media more democratic, with more equal participation by more people?
  • New and digital media offers media institutions different ways of reaching audiences. Consider how and why media institutions are using these techniques. 
  • ‘To connect, to create, to share creativity or thought, to discuss, to collaborate, to form groups or to combine with others in mutual interests or passions.  If you can’t see the point of any of those things, you will not see the point of Facebook.’ (www.guardian.co.uk) What opportunities and/or disadvantages do new and digital media have for audiences?
  • Although new and digital media may promise audiences more freedom, it does not necessarily give them more power. Discuss.
  • New and digital media is creating one global culture. Do you think that this is true?
  • The only way to survive in the digital world is to keep innovating. Do you agree?
  • Most of the traditional media’s attempts to compete with new and digital media have been too little and too late. Does your case study support this view?
  • The internet is a democratic space, where we are all free to participate equally. Using your own case study, discuss whether the impact of new and digital media is democratic.
  • New and digital media offer a wide range of competing ideas and opinions from experts and journalists to bloggers and social networkers, making it harder for audiences to know who to trust. In such an environment, how does the audience know who to trust?
  • Does your case study suggest that new and digital media have had a positive impact by offering audiences a more diverse range of values and ideologies?
  • New and digital media have led many media producers to involve their audiences more. However audience involvement is only superficial and media producers have ensured they maintain control. Use your case study to evaluate whether new and digital media have changed the role of producers. 
You should have detailed plans for each of these essays and have practised as many as possible under timed conditions (ONE HOUR for each).

Remember, the examiner is looking for the following:
  • A sophisticated and detailed evaluation, showing very good critical autonomy.
  • Sophisticated and detailed application of a wide range of wider contexts.
  • Supports answer with a wide range of examples from other media.
  • Articulate and engaged.

Theories, Issues and Debates Summaries

Easy to revise from - some of the key ideas/theorists you need to know...

Theory Quotes

Here is a list of some of some useful quotations that will really impress the examiners if you can incorporate them...


They will also help to clarify some key Media Studies concepts...

hegemony, Marxism, cultural imperialism, globalisation, liberal pluralism, web 2.0

You should try to memorise a few (or simply a phrase or two from them), thinking about how you could include at least one of them in each of the Section B essay questions (although they are just as useful for Section A too).

Media A-Z Glossary

Make sure you keep reading this during your revision, using it to look up straightforward meanings of any theories/theorists/keywords you need to be clear about.

The more media terminology you include in the exam (all the terms covered in this book) the more marks you will get, so keep testing/re-testing yourself on what's in here...


And here is a checklist of the media Issues/Debates and Theories that the specification says you need to know (the AQA textbook has more detailed explanations/examples of all of these)...

Issues/Debates
  • Representation and stereotyping
  • Media effects
  • Reality TV
  • News Values
  • Moral Panics
  • Post 9/11 and the media
  • Ownership and control
  • Regulation and censorship
  • Media technology and the digital revolution – changing technologies in the 21st century
  • The effect of globalisation on the media

Theories
  • Semiotics
  • Structuralism and post-structuralism
  • Postmodernism and its critiques
  • Gender and ethnicity
  • Marxism and hegemony
  • Liberal Pluralism
  • Colonialism and Post-colonialism
  • Audience theories
  • Genre theories
...make sure you have some keywords/theorists for each one that you can apply to whichever texts appear in Section A, or in response to typical Section B questions.

AQA A2 Textbook

Read and make notes on this text book, written by the exam board - great for revising...

Contents



Revision Express Textbook


This is a fantastic resource! Really concise.

You are advised to learn all the key terms (in bold) and have a go at the exam questions at the end of each section (these are good for practice although NOT the typical ones you'll get in the exam; see the list of Section B questions for that).

This download covers most of the key issues & debates that you MUST be able to apply to the Section A texts you have to analyse/compare in the exam...

Advertising, Advertising & Marketing, Audience Profiling, Cult of the Celebrity, Effects Theory, Globalisation, Marxism, Media Ownership, Narrative Theory, News Values, Pluralism, Postmodernism, Reception Theory, Uses & Gratifications

Section A Practice Questions (with model answers)

There are THREE excellent sample papers/responses on MediaEdu... 
(login first: username: greenford; password: greenfordedu)
Make sure you do these yourself, under timed conditions, then check the model answers to compare how you did.

Don't forget that in the actual exam the two texts will both be moving image (not print) but that doesn't matter - the same skills are being tested whatever the texts are.

Tuesday, May 13, 2014

Section B sample paragraph

Today with 13E we planned and wrote a sample paragraph on the following question:

Most of the traditional media’s attempts to compete with new and digital media have been too little and too late. Does your case study support this view? (48 marks)

Paragraph on paywalls

One of the key examples of traditional news media responding too slowly to new and digital technology is the issue of paywalls. It could be considered the critical error by the industry, in the late 1990s, to make all news content available for free on the internet. Originally seen as an additional marketing tool for print media, by the time institutions realised the damage new technology was doing to the print industry it was too late to stop the tide. David Simon, a former journalist and writer of The Wire, has made a compelling argument for paywalls, stating that news should be viewed as a premium product and institutions should charge accordingly. In ‘Build The Wall’ he passionately argued that the New York Times and Washington Post both needed paywalls to survive in the modern media landscape. In the UK, The Sun and The Times have introduced paywalls for their content – both are owned by Rupert Murdoch who described the internet as “the most significant change for hundreds of years”. However, audiences are largely unwilling to pay for something they can receive for free elsewhere. The Sun has tried to counter this by offering Premiership goals direct to the phone or tablet of the audience – but arguably this further devalues news content as worthless. With major news websites such as the Guardian and Mail Online still free to audiences, any paywall news site will struggle to attract audiences. Although there is a clear benefit to audiences in receiving news for free, there is also a considerable risk in that if institutions cannot charge for their product, they cannot pay for journalists to report and write the news – and therefore quality suffers. The danger is that news loses the trust that makes it so valuable, ending up more like a gossip site like TMZ in America. The Mail Online is already dominated by celebrity news and criticised widely for this.

Important: This is what you need to be able to produce if you want to get an A in the exam - and that means serious revision and preparation. You need to cover around five or six different areas or examples in answering the Section B question - the paragraph above would be just one section of the total essay.